SIU Director’s Report - Case # 22-TVI-271

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Mandate of the SIU

The Special Investigations Unit is a civilian law enforcement agency that investigates incidents involving an official where there has been death, serious injury, the discharge of a firearm at a person or an allegation of sexual assault. Under the Special Investigations Unit Act, 2019 (SIU Act), officials are defined as police officers, special constables of the Niagara Parks Commission and peace officers under the Legislative Assembly Act. The SIU’s jurisdiction covers more than 50 municipal, regional and provincial police services across Ontario.

Under the SIU Act, the Director of the SIU must determine based on the evidence gathered in an investigation whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that a criminal offence was committed. If such grounds exist, the Director has the authority to lay a criminal charge against the official. Alternatively, in cases where no reasonable grounds exist, the Director cannot lay charges. Where no charges are laid, a report of the investigation is prepared and released publicly, except in the case of reports dealing with allegations of sexual assault, in which case the SIU Director may consult with the affected person and exercise a discretion to not publicly release the report having regard to the affected person’s privacy interests.

Information Restrictions

Special Investigations Unit Act, 2019

Pursuant to section 34, certain information may not be included in this report. This information may include, but is not limited to, the following: 
  • The name of, and any information identifying, a subject official, witness official, civilian witness or affected person. 
  • Information that may result in the identity of a person who reported that they were sexually assaulted being revealed in connection with the sexual assault. 
  • Information that, in the opinion of the SIU Director, could lead to a risk of serious harm to a person. 
  • Information that discloses investigative techniques or procedures.  
  • Information, the release of which is prohibited or restricted by law.  
  • Information in which a person’s privacy interest in not having the information published clearly outweighs the public interest in having the information published. 

Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act

Pursuant to section 14 (i.e., law enforcement), certain information may not be included in this report. This information may include, but is not limited to, the following: 
  • Confidential investigative techniques and procedures used by law enforcement agencies; and 
  • Information that could reasonably be expected to interfere with a law enforcement matter or an investigation undertaken with a view to a law enforcement proceeding. 
Pursuant to section 21 (i.e., personal privacy), protected personal information is not included in this report. This information may include, but is not limited to, the following: 
  • The names of persons, including civilian witnesses, and subject and witness officials; 
  • Location information; 
  • Witness statements and evidence gathered in the course of the investigation provided to the SIU in confidence; and 
  • Other identifiers which are likely to reveal personal information about individuals involved in the investigation. 

Personal Health Information Protection Act, 2004

Pursuant to this legislation, any information related to the personal health of identifiable individuals is not included.

Other proceedings, processes, and investigations

Information may also have been excluded from this report because its release could undermine the integrity of other proceedings involving the same incident, such as criminal proceedings, coroner’s inquests, other public proceedings and/or other law enforcement investigations.

Mandate Engaged

Pursuant to section 15 of the SIU Act, the SIU may investigate the conduct of officials, be they police officers, special constables of the Niagara Parks Commission or peace officers under the Legislative Assembly Act, that may have resulted in death, serious injury, sexual assault or the discharge of a firearm at a person.

A person sustains a “serious injury” for purposes of the SIU’s jurisdiction if they: sustain an injury as a result of which they are admitted to hospital; suffer a fracture to the skull, or to a limb, rib or vertebra; suffer burns to a significant proportion of their body; lose any portion of their body; or, as a result of an injury, experience a loss of vision or hearing.

In addition, a “serious injury” means any other injury sustained by a person that is likely to interfere with the person’s health or comfort and is not transient or trifling in nature.

This report relates to the SIU’s investigation into serious injuries sustained by an 85-year-old woman (the “Complainant”).

The Investigation

Notification of the SIU

On October 14, 2022, at 12:21 p.m., the Toronto Police Service (TPS) contacted the SIU with the following information.

On October 14, 2022, at approximately 9:35 a.m., a TPS officer, seconded to the Repeat Offender Parole Enforcement Squad (ROPE), was operating an Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) vehicle. The officer struck an elderly female pedestrian crossing North Shore Boulevard in Burlington. The female was taken to the Hamilton General Hospital Trauma Centre (HGHTC). The Halton Regional Police Service (HRPS) responded to the scene and had offered their collision reconstruction services.

The Team

Date and time team dispatched: 10/14/2022 at 12:59 p.m.

Date and time SIU arrived on scene: 10/14/2022 at 1:10 p.m.

Number of SIU Investigators assigned: 4
 
Number of SIU Forensic Investigators assigned: 2

Number of SIU Collision Reconstructionists assigned: 1

Affected Person (aka “Complainant”):

85-year-old female interviewed; medical records obtained and reviewed

The Complainant was interviewed on October 26, 2022.

Subject Officials

SO Interviewed, but declined to submit notes, as is the subject official’s legal right.

The subject official was interviewed on November 4, 2022.
 

Witness Officials

WO Interviewed

The witness official was interviewed on October 19, 2022.
 

Evidence

The Scene

The events in question occurred in the area of the intersection of North Shore Boulevard East and a roadway that led to/exited from the site of several buildings, including the Joseph Brant Hospital (JBH) and the OPP Highway Safety Division – Burlington.

Scene Examination #1

On October 14, 2022, at 1:10 p.m., SIU forensic investigators arrived on scene.

The involved vehicle, a silver Toyota, was in the westbound centre lane of North Shore Boulevard East. It was stopped approximately one metre west of the north-south crosswalk on the west side of the intersection.

North Shore Boulevard East ran (notionally) in an east-west direction. The roadway to the south travelled onto the grounds of the JBH and the Burlington OPP Detachment. The roadway to the north of the intersection travelled towards several high-rise buildings.

Westbound North Shore Boulevard East in the area consisted of two through lanes and a left turn lane into the JBH. Eastbound North Shore Boulevard East at the intersection consisted of two through lanes, a right turn lane into the JBH and a left turn lane towards the high-rise buildings.

All four directions of the intersection were controlled by traffic lights. There were also four crosswalks in the intersection, which were all controlled by pedestrian crossing lights. The north-south traffic lights appeared to be activated by sensors in the roadway. When activated, the north-south traffic lights turned to a solid green light.

The pedestrian crossing lights were activated by push buttons located on all four corners of the intersection. When the north-south crosswalk light on the west side of the intersection was activated by the push button, it took 45 seconds from the time the walk signal appeared until the traffic light turned red again.

There was a small stain of what appeared to be blood approximately three metres in front of the involved vehicle. There was a black umbrella in the open position slightly east of the stain and up against the centre median. There was a small indentation on the left side of the hood of the car. There was also a small indentation on the left front quarter panel of the car.

Scene Examination #2

On October 15, 2022, the SIU attended at the traffic light intersection on North Shore Boulevard East in front of the JBH.

The SIU monitored six cycles of the traffic lights. There was no advance green for north / southbound vehicles. There was about a three-second delay where all directions of vehicular traffic had a red light. For the white ‘walk’ symbol to display, a pedestrian had to push the activation button on the light pole or the ‘don’t walk’ symbol would remain [steady red hand] during the green light. When the white ‘walk’ signal was activated, there was about a five-second advance for the pedestrian(s) prior to the traffic light turning from red to green, for north and southbound vehicles.

Expert Evidence

The involved Toyota was found parked, but still running in westbound lane # 1 (numbered from the centre of the road outwards) near the centre island of North Shore Boulevard East, with the front about five metres west of the west line of the crosswalk on the west side of the intersection. The front wheels were still turned to the left and the Toyota was not straight in the lane.

Data from the Air Bag Module indicated no air bags had been deployed during this collision.

There was very minor damage to the front of the Toyota, including a small dent on the engine hood.

The final resting position of the Complainant on the road was identified by a small blood stain on westbound lane # 1 about eight metres west of the west line of the crosswalk on the west side of the intersection. She had come to rest about three metres west of the front of the position where the Toyota had stopped. It was apparent the Complainant had been crossing from the north side of North Shore Boulevard East towards the south side, and the SO had been turning left from the south side of North Shore Boulevard East to drive westbound.

The area of impact on the roadway could not be conclusively established by the physical evidence. This was consistent with the collision having occurred at a relatively low speed. This was also consistent with the weather (heavy rain) at the time of the collision.

The area of impact was within the pedestrian crosswalk on the west side of the intersection about even with the centre of westbound lane # 1. The crosswalk was about three to three-and-a-half metres in width.

The final resting position of the Complainant, as well as the short distance the Toyota stopped after the collision, were consistent with the collision having occurred at a low rate of speed.

As per a measurement on Google Maps, the area of impact was about 24 metres from the stop line on the south side of the intersection where the SO had reportedly been stopped waiting for the red light. This distance, combined with the low speed the Toyota was travelling when it struck the Complainant, was consistent with the Toyota having accelerated at a normal rate. The physical evidence was also consistent with the SO having reacted to the collision immediately, braking and bringing the Toyota to a controlled stop between five and eight metres after the collision.
The traffic signal lights appeared to have been functioning properly. There was no indication from any source of information that the vehicle or pedestrian signal lights were not functioning properly. The colour and phase of the traffic signal lights and the colour and phase of the pedestrian signals at the crucial times could not be determined by the physical evidence.

Video/Audio/Photographic Evidence [1]

911 Call Recordings

On October 18, 2022, the SIU received a copy of 911 calls from the HRPS relating to a motor vehicle collision involving the Complainant on October 14, 2022, on North Shore Boulevard East in front of the JBH. The following is a summary of the pertinent communications.

An unidentified man said he was at the traffic light on North Shore Boulevard East, in front of the JBH. There was a woman [now known to be the Complainant] lying on the ground. She was not getting up. The caller was asked if the vehicle involved had been travelling 50 km/h or more at the time and the man said he did not know, as he did not witness the collision. The Complainant was awake, breathing and talking. She was bleeding from the back of her head and was complaining of shoulder and back pain. The caller asked another man at the scene what had happened. That man could be heard saying, “She was struck by a car.” A woman could be heard in the background saying she was a nurse and was applying pressure. The woman reported the Complainant collapsed in the middle of the road, at the traffic light intersection in front of the JBH, Ambulatory Care entrance.
 

HRPS Radio Communications

The HRPS supplied the SIU with a copy of the radio communications relating to the motor vehicle collision in question. The following is a summary of the pertinent communications.

The HRPS was asked to attend a motor vehicle collision in front of the JBH. An elderly woman had been hit by a vehicle and was bleeding from the back of her head. There was no mention of a suspect vehicle. The caller said he had not witnessed the accident. An ambulance was en route.

The OPP was noted to be on the scene. The woman was reportedly hit by a vehicle and the vehicle was at the scene.

The woman - the Complainant - was being transported to the Hamilton General Hospital.

The OPP reconstruction team would be attending, and the SIU was to be notified as well.
 

OPP Telephone Call Recordings

The OPP supplied to the SIU with copies of three telephone calls from their Provincial Communication Centre (PCC), Orillia. The following is a summary of the pertinent communications.

It was noted that a pedestrian had been struck on North Shore Boulevard East outside of the detachment, and police officers were at the scene. The SIU liaison was to be notified.

**********

The OPP provided the SIU with telephone calls associated with a sergeant’s telephone in the PCC relating to the incident in question. The calls started at 10:25 a.m. and ended at 10:54 a.m. The following is a summary of the pertinent communications.

A pedestrian had been struck by an unmarked OPP ROPE vehicle. The pedestrian was bleeding from the head and had rib fractures. She had been taken to a hospital, possibly the JBH. HRPS would conduct the investigation. There was uncertainty as to whether the HRPS or OPP would contact the SIU.

In-car Camera System (ICCS) Footage

On October 20, 2022, the HRPS supplied the SIU ICCS footage in connection with the incident under investigation. The following is a summary of the footage.

The roads were captured as being very wet. There were three or four civilian persons tending to the Complainant, who was on the ground directly in front of the Toyota but not visible to the ICCS camera. The SO stood next to the Toyota and talked on a cellular phone. The EMS responded and tended to the Complainant. A stretcher was wheeled from in front of the Toyota, where the Complainant had been lying in the road, to the ambulance.

ParkLink Camera Footage

On October 26, 2022, ParkLink advised the SIU that they had reviewed the video footage from their cameras for the date and time in question, and had nothing pertaining to a pedestrian being struck by a vehicle.

Materials Obtained from Police Service

The SIU obtained the following records from the OPP, HRPS and TPS between October 16, 2022, and November 8, 2022:
  • HRPS 911 call recording;
  • HRPS radio communications;
  • HRPS ICCS footage;
  • HRPS Forensic Identification Report;
  • HRPS General Report;
  • HRPS Occurrence / Supplementary Reports;
  • HRPS Motor Vehicle Collision Report;
  • HRPS Vehicle Tow Report;
  • OPP Vehicle Inspection Report - Toyota;
  • OPP vehicle maintenance records;
  • OPP communications recordings;
  • OPP communication chronology;
  • TPS screenshots of texts between the WO and the SO; and
  • TPS notes-the WO.

Materials Obtained from Other Sources

The SIU obtained and reviewed the following records from the following other sources:
  • Scene diagram;
  • Ambulance Call Report and Incident Report;
  • Fire Incident Report, Burlington;
  • Photo of scene from the Complainant’s son; and
  • The Complainant’s medical records from HGH and JBH.

Incident Narrative


The evidence collected by the SIU, including interviews with the Complainant and the SO, gives rise to the following scenario.

In the morning of October 14, 2022, the Complainant was out for her daily morning walk. She was at the intersection of North Shore Boulevard East and a roadway that led to, and exited from, the grounds of the JBH, the OPP Burlington Detachment (Highway Safety Division) and other buildings. Her intention was to cross North Shore Boulevard East along the west crosswalk of the traffic light-controlled intersection. The Complainant activated the push button, waited for the traffic light to turn green and the pedestrian signal to indicate ‘walk’, and then stepped onto the crosswalk.

As the same time, the SO was operating an unmarked OPP SUV northward towards the intersection from the OPP building. The officer was a member of the provincial ROPE team, and headed to Niagara Falls to take part in an operation. The SO was the first vehicle stopped at a red light waiting to turn left onto the westbound lanes of North Shore Boulevard East. When the light turned green, the officer proceeded into the intersection and embarked on his turn. As he travelled into the crosswalk, the front of the SO’s vehicle struck the Complainant.

The Complainant was sent stumbling to the ground a few metres west of the point of impact.

The SO quickly stopped his vehicle after impact, exited and went to the Complainant. The officer asked one of the civilians in the area, some of whom had started to gather around the Complainant to comfort and care for her, to call for an ambulance.

The Complainant was taken from the scene in ambulance to hospital. She was diagnosed with multiple internal injuries, including fractures and organ lacerations.

Relevant Legislation

Section 320.13 (1) Criminal Code – Dangerous Operation Causing Bodily Harm

320.13 (1) Everyone commits an offence who operates a conveyance in a manner that, having regard to all of the circumstances, is dangerous to the public.

(2) Everyone commits an offence who operates a conveyance in a manner that, having regard to all of the circumstances, is dangerous to the public and, as a result, causes bodily harm to another person.


Analysis and Director's Decision

The Complainant was seriously injured on October 14, 2022, in Burlington, when she was struck by a police vehicle being operated by a TPS officer. The officer – the SO – was identified as the subject official in the ensuing SIU investigation. The investigation is now concluded. On my assessment of the evidence, there are no reasonable grounds to believe that the SO committed a criminal offence in connection with the Complainant’s injuries.

The offence that arises for consideration is dangerous driving causing bodily harm contrary to section 320.13(2) of the Criminal Code. As an offence of penal negligence, a simple want of care will not suffice to give rise to liability. Rather, the offence is predicated, in part, on conduct that amounts to a marked departure from the level of care that a reasonable person would have observed in the circumstances. In the instant case, the issue is whether there was a want of care in the manner in which the SO operated his vehicle, sufficiently egregious to attract criminal sanction, that caused or contributed to the collision. In my view, there was not.

I accept that the SO caused the collision. The weight of the evidence suggests that the Complainant had entered onto the crosswalk on a green light and ‘walk’ pedestrian signal. That being the case, the Complainant was entitled to proceed on the basis that any left-turning vehicles would yield until she had safely crossed. Conversely, the SO was under a legal obligation to refrain from making a left turn until it was safe to do so. Even if the ‘walk’ sign had not been illuminated at the time, and the Complainant ought not have been in the crosswalk, the SO would still have been under a duty to refrain from turning left until the pedestrian had cleared.

I am unable to reasonably conclude, however, that the SO’s indiscretion amounted to a marked departure from a reasonable standard of care. There is nothing in the short distance that the officer travelled getting to the intersection to suggest any dangerous driving behaviour. The same is largely true of this conduct at the intersection where the evidence establishes he travelled at a modest speed as he entered into his turn. It remains unclear why the SO, as he says, did not see the Complainant. Perhaps the elements had played a role – the evidence indicates there was a heavy and sudden down pour of rain and, perhaps, even hail at the critical time. Be that as it may, I am unable to characterize the officer’s mistake as anything more than a momentary and isolated lapse of attention. This, the case law makes clear, will not usually give rise to criminal liability.

In the result, as there are no reasonable grounds to believe that the SO transgressed the limits of care prescribed by the criminal law when he struck and injured the Complainant, there is no basis for proceeding with criminal charges in this case. The file is closed.

Date: February 10, 2023


Electronically approved by


Joseph Martino
Director
Special Investigations Unit

Endnotes

  • 1) The following records contain sensitive personal information and are not being released pursuant to section 34(2) of the Special Investigations Unit Act, 2019. The material portions of the records are summarized below. [Back to text]

Note:

The signed English original report is authoritative, and any discrepancy between that report and the French and English online versions should be resolved in favour of the original English report.